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C N Tower

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March 2004         

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Contents
1   Editorial
2.  Ads
3   C N Tower
4   Sites for more information
5   Reader Feedback
6   Did you Know quick fact / Question
7.  Free Goodies and Treats
8   Thoughts - Yours and Mine.
9   Subscriber Information

Computer help


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3.   CN Tower - Toronto

I have never been to the top of the CN tower in Toronto,  but I started thinking about how such a structure was built. A tribute to the ingenuity,   of people. Where do you start? Why was it built?

In the late 1960's, Toronto's soaring skyline began to play havoc with signals from conventional transmission towers. Signals bouncing off the city's skyscrapers produced a number of problems, including the annoying phenomenon of "ghosting" on television sets. Weaker signals competed with stronger ones, giving viewers the effects of watching two programs at once. To improve the situation, Canadian National Railways, or CN, proposed building a transmission tower that would stand head and shoulders - and then some - above Toronto's tallest buildings. So now we know.

Now to how it was built.
Foundation work began in 1973. Giant backhoes excavated more than 62,000 tons of earth and shale to a depth of 50 feet from along the shore of Lake Ontario in Toronto harbour. Next, pre stressed concrete and reinforced steel were arranged in a Y- shaped pattern 22 feet thick. Each hollow leg of the Y would carry its fair share of the tower's 130,000-ton burden.

The foundation took only four months to complete. The tower itself presented a challenge of height never before met by the technique of poured concrete. To meet that challenge, engineers designed a huge mold known as a slip form. Concrete was poured 24 hours a day, five days a week, and as it hardened, the mold moved upward by means of a ring of hydraulic jacks. The ascending slip form gradually decreased in girth to give the tower its tapering shape. The tower leans about an inch because of the Earth's rotation.

Building materials.

 It consists of 40,522 cubic meters of concrete, 129 km of post-tensioned steel and 5,080 metric tons of reinforcing steel. The tower is estimated to weigh 132,080 metric tons. (130,000 tons) equal to the weight of 23,214 large elephants.

I would like to see the maths and meet brain that could calculate the weight of a building. Working out the height must have been a piece of cake. It is 1,815 feet and 5 inches.

The tower is comprised of two main observation decks: the lower and larger SkyPod at 351m (1,150 ft) and the higher but smaller Space Deck at 447m. (1,465 ft.) The revolving restaurant makes a complete rotation once every 72 minutes. Any faster and you would not enjoy your meal.

The elevators travel at a speed of 6 m per second, (20 ft) reaching the Skypod in just under one minute (58 seconds).

1,537 courageous workers toiled around the clock, five days a week, 24-hours a day, to build the CN Tower. Wind resistance.

Like all tall, narrow buildings, the CN Tower was built to be flexible and wind resistant. Here is the wind resistance of various parts of the Tower in winds of 120 mph, with 200 mph gust:

· Antenna: 1.07 m (3 1/2 ft) from centre

· Sky Pod: 0.46 m (1 1/2 ft) from centre

· Main Pod: 22.9 cm (9 inches) from centre

Glass floor.

The Glass Floor was  specifically designed for the CN Tower.

It is 256 square feet of solid glass that is five times stronger than the required weight bearing standard for commercial floors. It could actually withstand the weight of 14 large hippos. I bet they never put that to the test.

Do you know about Friday Lines?

The tower is hollow. The horizontal bands are called "Friday Lines" because they mark where concrete pouring stopped for the weekend. The signatures of 20,000 people are on the antenna at the top.I wonder how many of you knew that?Next time you are in a city take a look at the tall buildings and think about its construction and the people involved.


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8) Thoughts Yours and Mine

Spring is nearly here, I look forward to warm days and colour in the garden. It will mean less time on the computer and less frurstration.
Today would be a good day to get in touch with a friend, just to say Hi.
 
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