I hope you enjoy reading the articles as much as I enjoyed writing them. Each month  an every day subject will be presented in such a way that you will be amazed at the detail all around you.

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Contents

1 Editorial
2. Ads
3 Feature Article
4 Sites for more information
5 Reader Feedback
6 Did you Know quick fact / Question
7. Goodies and Treats
8 Thoughts - Yours and Mine.
9 Contact and Subscribe Information

Editorial
Welcome to all new subscribers. This newsletter is taking on a life of its own. It is like an acorn, that is planted and takes root Now I have the joy of watching it grow.

I  recently spent three wonderful days with friends on the Sunshine Coast. Thank you Sue,  Brian  and Herb. I did some reading, but I didn't get any articles written.  What do you do to relax and re charge your battteries? 

Please tell me a little about yourself and where you are from.
The ski season is over for another year and I will spend more time in the garden. Life on earth is amazing and when you have finished reading this months article, you will realise that life under the ocean is just as amazing. Check out the web sites at the end. Great picutres.
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Ads. are provided as a free service to subscribers. I accept No responsiblity for content or promises.
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Feature Article - Tube Worms

The Tube Worm.
Tube worms are residents of Underwater Volcanoes. deep-sea vents are found at the bottom of the ocean
They are created by volcanic and tectonic activity. Magma erupts along the margins of these plates, usually slowly but sometimes with such ferocity that it creates instant lava lakes The thick black smoke is actually a plume of metal-rich, superheated water billowing out of the silt and sediment covered, gray-and-black chimney.

Underwater volcano.
Under thousands of pounds of pressure per square inch, sea water gradually seeps into the vents, where it is superheated and filled with manganese and other minerals before it is eventually returned to the ocean. This discovery has led some scientists to speculate that each drop of sea water circulates through the earth's crust,by way of the vents,  every 10 to 20 million years. Before the discovery of the vents,  most scientists thought that all of the minerals in the sea were  dropped into the ocean by continental rivers.

It was once believed that only sunlight, through  photosynthesis, could support life on Earth. At the vents, however, life begins with bacteria that metabolize hydrogen sulfide. The bacteria, in turn, become food for the other animals in the vent community.

Among the 300 species of life found near the vents, perhaps the best documented life forms are the giant red-tipped tube  worms resembling giant lipstick. They may grow to about 3 meters  (8 ft) long. The worms white tube home is made of a tough, natural material called chitin (pronounced kite-in). All this is going on at the boundary where hot hydrothermal fluid mixes with cold seawater.
Some of the time, the tubeworms' gill-like red plumes are in warm  vent fluids (up to 30° C). At other times, the plumes are in 4° C water. The plumes absorb hydrogen sulfide from the hot water and oxygen from the cold water. Isn't that amazing.

Blind crabs and shrimps, which don't need to see in a lightless world, live among octopuses that eat crabs and mussels. Equally fascinating residents include pink vent fish, sea cucumbers, sponges, and brittle stars, flowerlike animals that use their fine appendages to anchor  themselves to rocks. Mussels are among the 48 documented species of mollusks found in vent  communities. And some specimens of giant clams that live in this environment measure almost ten inches 24cm in length.

How does a vent become colonized?
Some species, while in their larval stage, travel tremendous distances through a virtually lifeless and totally lightless realm to colonize and new vent on the seafloor. But other species first travel to the surface to feed before settling down at a new deep-sea vent.

How do they deal with the change of pressure?
A mile or more below the sea surface, resembling giant lipsticks,tubeworms live on the Pacific Ocean floor near hydrothermal vents. They may grow to about 3 meters (8 ft) long. The worm's white tube home is made of a tough, natural material called chitin (pronounced kite-in). Tubeworms have no mouth, eyes, or stomach (gut).
Their survival depends on a symbiotic relationship with the billions of bacteria that live inside of them. These bacteria convert the chemicals that shoot out of the hydrothermal vents into food for the worm. This chemical- based food-making process is referred to as chemosynthesis.

Since a tubeworm has no mouth, how do bacteria enter the worm? Scientists have found that, during its earliest stages, the tubeworm does have a mouth and gut for bacteria to enter, but as the worm grows, these features disappear! While the tubeworm depends on the bacteria that live in its body for energy and food, sometimes tubeworms provide food for other deep-sea dwellers. Fish and crabs may nibble off the tubeworms red plume.

Stop and give a thought to the men and women who go to great depths to study vents and the life around them. They spend hours in cramped underwater vehicles designed to withstand the pressure. Take time to credit the scientists who present the data as well as the designer and builders of the submersible crafts. Without the team effort, we would not know of the existence of the fascinating life at sea vents.
Lets face it most of us will never have thr opportunity to see first hand for ourselves, but we can see the photos and film they bring to the surface.

Great undersea pictures
More stunning photos

5. Reader Feedback
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Here I am out there on the world wide web and I have no reader feed back this month. I know I am not alone. I would love to hear from you, comments, suggestions, idea, where you are from. It is a form of free advertising, take advantage of it.
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6. Quick Fact or Question
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A bat can eat 500 - 800 mosquitoe an hour. Who did the counting.
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7. Goodies and Treats
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